Research In Motion Essay Example for Free

Research In Motion Essay Research In Motion (RIM) is most famously knows for its smart phone device Blackberry. Blackberry, when first introduced in 1999, took the corporate market by storm because of its capability of storing and managing e-mails along with other professional tools. Later the introduction of Black Berry Messenger (BBM) was another successful addition and made it famous among the non-corporate user class all around the globe. From its inception to the introduction of Blackberry and until today, RIM has had various challenges in terms of safeguarding its intellectual property and took some steps to counteract those problems which I will be discussing in this paper. 1.What were some of the challenges that RIM faced to protect its intellectual property, and how did RIM handle those challenges? The first challenge for RIM was in 2001 when it claimed that its competitor Glenayre Electronics infringed on its patent and charged dilution, unfair competition, and false advertising (1). As a result RIM sued them over using its patented mailbox integration technique that was exclusive to its Blackberry smartphone device which was later settled in their favor (2). Another lawsuit filed by RIM was against Good Technology in 2002. RIM alleged that Good was infringing on four of its patents. The first is for a method and apparatus to remotely control gateway functions in a wireless data communications network. The second relates to a method and system for loading an application program on a device. The third relates to a method and system for transmitting data files between computers in a wireless data communications environment. And the fourth relates to a mobile device that is optimized for use with thumbs (3). Finally in 2004 Good Technology signed a settlement with RIM under which it will give RIM a lump-sum payment during its current quarter and ongoing quarterly royalties. Further financial details of the agreement were not disclosed (4). Later in 2006, RIM was sued by mobile e-mail provider Visto Corporation that RIM violated four of its patents. The patents in question relate to the accessing and synchronizing of information over a network and are fundamental to the BlackBerry service (5). After a long battle of three years, in 2009 RIM agreed to pay $267.5 million to settle this dispute adding to a costly series of intellectual-property purchases (6). The company spent more than $1 billion in the past two years on intangible assets, such as patents. It booked part of the cost of the Visto settlement, which gave them a lifetime license to some Visto patents and legal possession of others, as an acquisition of intangible assets (6). Another big event was the RIM-Motorolla lawsuits in 2008 when Motorolla filed a lawsuit against RIM for using its patented technology but in reply RIM sued back Motorolla. RIM filed the lawsuit for demanding exorbitant royalties on patents that were essential to RIMs business. Besides being accused of anti-competitive conduct, Motorola was also accused of violating nine different patents and for breaking a 2003 agreement by refusing to agree to new terms beyond January 2008. Adding injury to lawsuit, RIM also claimed that Motorolas licensing fees were due to declining fortunes of its handset business (7). This long battle came to an end when both companies settled out of court. Under the Agreement, Motorola and RIM will benefit from a long-term, intellectual property cross-licensing arrangement involving the parties receiving cross-licenses of various patent rights, including patent rights relating to certain industry standards and certain technologies, such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 802.11 and wireless email. In addition, the parties will transfer certain patents to each other (8). 2.What were some of the industry factors that influenced RIM? Industry factors that influenced RIM are Competition, Scale and Future (9). Patents, copyrights and trademarks help a firm safeguard its intellectual assets giving it an edge in the market and enabling to stay competitive in the market. From the lawsuits discussed above, we can see that just in 10 years on inception, RIM had over seven patent related issues for its technology. In technological field, a patent enables a firm to bank on its technology by not allowing other firms to use and produce it. So it enables the firm with the patent to have exclusive right to that technology and have a competitive advantage. When a firm’s technology is successful, patent enables that firm to exploit from it and hence expand their firms scale by securing a larger consumer base leading to a better bright future for the firm. 3.Apply as many TCOs as you can to the RIM. There are quite a few TCOs that can be applied to RIM. Competence Enhancing and Component Innovation applies very well to RIM. Looking at the introduction of Blackberry in 1999, after 14 years we still find them have a strong demand among the smartphone consumer base. So RIM has constantly been improving its blackberry phones keeping them up to date by providing new features that keep the consumer base attracted. Similarly if we look at introduction of features like e-mail service and BBM for blackberry, they are following the component innovation ideology discussed in the course. On the other hand, RIM also follows the concept Network Externalities. BBM can be a good example to support this. Anyone with a blackberry anywhere in the world can send a free message to the other blackberry user using the blackberry network. BBM is actually one of the features’ that has protected Blackberry against I-phone. Tying to BBM, RIM also follows the policy of Trade Secret because no one other than the corporation itself has access to the BBM data. RIM has gone to an extent that recently in India, even the government was not allowed to access the BBM data and after a 19 month service ban the government, RIM finally allowed them to have access but through a different server (10).

The Syria Crisis: Overview and US Reactions

The Syria Crisis: Overview and US Reactions The Crisis in Syria In Syria, anti-government shows started in Spring of 2011, some portion of the Arab Spring. The quiet dissents immediately heightened after the administrations fierce crackdown, and furnished restriction bunches started battling back. By July, armed force turncoats had inexactly sorted out the Free Syrian Armed force and numerous nonmilitary personnel Syrians waged war to join the restriction. Divisions amongst common and religious warriors, and between ethnic gatherings, keep on complicating the legislative issues of the contention. Syrias considerate war has made the most noticeably awful helpful emergency of our time. A large portion of the nations pre-war populace, more than 11 million individuals, have been slaughtered or compelled to escape their homes. Families are attempting to make do inside Syria, or make another home in neighboring nations. Others are taking a chance with their lives while in transit to Europe, planning to discover acknowledgment and opportunity. Furthermo re, brutal winters and hot summers make life as a displaced person considerably more troublesome. Now and again, the impacts of the contention can appear to be overpowering. Be that as it may, one truth is basic: a huge number of Syrians need our offers of assistance. As per the U.N., $4.5 billion was required to meet the dire needs of the most defenseless Syrians in 2016, yet just $2.9 billion was gotten. Situation The current situation in Syria is one of the most exceedingly awful substance bombings in Syria transformed a northern revolt held region into a harmful kill zone on, instigating global shock over the always expanding government exemption appeared in the nations six-year war. Many individuals, including kids passed on, some writhing, stifling, panting or foaming at the mouth, in the wake of taking in toxic substance that conceivably contained a nerve specialist or other restricted chemicals, as per witnesses, specialists and save laborers. They said the lethal substance spread after warplanes dropped bombs in the early morning hours. Some protect laborers developed sick and crumpled from nearness to the dead. The resistance run Wellbeing Division in Idlib Area, where the assault occurred, said 69 individuals has died, giving a rundown of their names. The dead were all the while being distinguished, and some philanthropic gatherings said upwards of 100 had passed away. The administrat ion of Mr. Assad, who revoked compound weapons about four years back after a vast concoction assault that American knowledge offices finished up was done by his powers, denied that his military had been dependable, as he has done each time synthetic weapons have been utilized as a part of Syria. In the after effect of the chemical attack, President Trump said that the Assembled States had done a rocket strike in Syria in light of the Syrian governments synthetic weapons assault this week, which killed more than 80 civilian people. The Pentagon reported that 59 Tomahawk journey rockets had been let go at Al Shayrat landing strip in Syria. The rockets were gone for Syrian warrior planes, solidified flying machine covers, radar gear, ammo shelters, locales for putting away fuel and air safeguard frameworks. Analysis The scale of the ambush undermined to additionally subvert a regularly damaged truce that had grabbed hold in parts of the nation since Mr. Assads powers retook the northern city of Aleppo in December with Russian help, encouraging the Syrian pioneer to think he could win the war. The assault additionally appeared to probably hose peace talks that have been directed by the Unified Countries in Geneva and by Russia and Turkey in Astana, Kazakhstan. Incredulous over the substance attack, compassionate gatherings requested activity from the Assembled Countrys Security Committee, where fanatic partitions over who is at fault for the Syrian war have deadened its individuals practically since the contention started in 2011. On Tuesday night, England, France and the Unified States were driving the Security Chamber to embrace a determination that denounces the assault and requests the Syrian government to give all flight logs, flight arranges and names of authorities accountable for air oper ations, including those for Tuesday, to universal investigators. The draft determination, consulted among negotiators from the three nations on Tuesday, was later coursed to every one of the 15 individuals from the Gathering. It could come up for a vote as ahead of schedule as Wednesday. It has been a restricted voyage rocket strike focusing on one Syrian airbase, bringing about an up til now obscure number of losses. Many Tomahawks were propelled against a solitary Syrian administration landing strip. The choice to assault was an immediate response to the Syrian administrations gas assault that asserted 85 lives, including around two dozen kids. Pictures of the Syrians who choked to death appeared to stun President Trump. With the dead as yet being checked, White House squeeze secretary Sean Spicer said that the US would look rather senseless not recognizing the political substances that exist in Syria, where Assads hang on power has been getting more grounded by the day, in expansive part because of Russian military support. Trumps own underlying remarks concentrated more on his forerunners past treatment of Syria than on Assads conceivable part in the nations future. Trump said Assads terrible activities were an outcome of the past organizations shortcoming and irresolution. President Obama said in 2012 that he would set up a red line against the utilization of synthetic weapons and after that did nothing. When you slaughter blameless kids, honest children, babies, little infants, with a substance gas that is so deadly, individuals were stunned to hear what gas it was, that crosses numerous, many lines, past a red line. Numerous, many lines. Trumps choice to bomb the Assad administration as a result of its utilization of concoction weapons is new. This isnt the Trump of the current past. However, Trump styles himself an extreme person, one willing to go where his antecedent would not. Up until now, this implies sending US journey rockets into Syria. This isnt the America-first position of Trumps battle; its the begin of something new and strange, one that could possibly raise to a more extensive US war against Assad. This is an earth shattering minute for the Assembled States and Syria. Also, we have no clue, starting at right now, where it will lead. Work Cited Michael R. Gordon, Helene Cooper, Michael D. Shear, â€Å"Dozens of U.S. Missiles Hit Air Base in Syria† New York Times , April 6, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/06/world/middleeast/us-said-to-weigh-military-responses-to yrian-chemical-attack.htmlAnne Barnard, Michael R. Gordon, â€Å"Worst Chemical Attack in Years in Syria; U.S. Blames Assad,† New York Times, April 4, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/04/world/middleeast/syria-gas-attack.htmlKaram Shoumali, Ben Hubbard, â€Å" U.S. Strikes on Syria Brings Fleeting Hope to Those Caught in Brutal Conflict† New York Times, April 8, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/08/world/middleeast/us-strike-on-syria-brings-fleeting-hope-to-those-caught-in-brutal-conflict.htmlNeil MacFarquhar, â€Å" U.S. Attack on Syria Cements Kremlin’s Embrace of Assad† New York Times, April 8, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/08/world/europe/us-attack-on-syria-cements-kremlins-embrace-of-assad.htmlMichael R. Gordon, â€Å" With Strike Aimed at Halting More Gas Attacks, U.S. Tries to Send Syrians Message† New York Times, April 7, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/world/middleeast/american-military-pentagon.htmlMercy Corps,† What You Need To Know About The Syria Crisis†, March 9, 2017 https://www.mercycorps.org/articles/iraq-jordan-lebanon-syria-turkey/quick-facts-what-you-need-know-about-syria-crisisZack Beauchamp, Yochi Dreaxen, â€Å"The United States has officially attacked Syria† Vox, April 6, 2017 http://www.vox.com/world/2017/4/6/15214758/us-syria-assad-bomb-cruise-missileKareem Khadder, Schams Elwazer, Elizabeth Roberts, Eyad Kourdi, Tamara Qiblawi, â€Å"Suspected gas attack in Syria reportedly kills dozens† CNN, April 7, 2017 http://www.cnn.com/2017/04/04/middleeast/idlib-syria-attack/Helene Cooper, â€Å"After Chemical Attack, asking if U.S. Remarks Emboldened Assad† Times New Times, April 7, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/us/politics/bashar-al-assad-syria-chemical-attack.htmlRichard Perez-Pena, Jess Bidgood, â€Å"Syrian Refugees Laud U.S. Strike and, in ‘New Emotion,’ Trump† Times New Roman, April 7, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/07/us/syria-refugees-trump.html

Magic Trip: Ken Kesey’s Search for a Kool Place Essay example -- Film

â€Å"Magic Trip: Ken Kesey’s Search for a Kool Place† was written and directed by Alex Gibney and Alison Ellwood. The documentary is based on the words and recordings of Ken Kesey and the unseen footage from the 1964 cross country trip. The voiceover is done by Stanley Tucci. â€Å"Magic Trip† was produced by Will Clarke, Mr. Gibney and Alexandra Johnes and released by Magnolia Pictures. This documentary was compiled from home videos shot by Kesey and the Pranksters, which lends itself to a sense of authenticity because there are to actors trying to portray the Pranksters. This compilation of original footage shot by Ken Kesey and his friends, known as the Merry Pranksters, follows their cross country bus trip in 1964 from California to New York to see the World’s Fair. Besides Kesey, the most well-known Prankster was Neal Cassady, who was the inspiration for Dean Moriarty in Jack Kerouac’s â€Å"On the Road† and the driver for the first leg of the journey. The film begins with a short biography of Kesey, a writer known for his novels â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest† and â€Å"Sometimes a Great Notion.† The Merry Pranksters are introduced by their nicknames. Stark Naked, Intrepid Traveler, Mal Function, Gretchen Fetchin, Generally Famished and Zonker, and Sometimes Missing, just to name a few. The film tells some of the stories behind the nicknames. On one of the Pranksters stops they accidentally left Babb behind. By the time they had realized he was missing Babb had hitchhiked and caught up to the bus, leading to the nickname of ‘Sometimes Missing’. ‘Generally Famished’ was given because as a pregnant woman, she was always hungry. ‘Zonker’ was named so because he always fell asleep before anything happened. The bus receives the moniker of ... ... me a lot of background information. However, I was unfamiliar with The Merry Pranksters’ trip across country. My reception of this film was so positive because of my knowledge, experiences and values. I have always enjoyed learning about the 1960’s and admired the political activism and change that occurred in that time period. I grew up in a very liberal home, where we were freely able to discuss controversial topics and form our own opinions. Works Cited "Magic Trip." Magic Trip. IMDb.com. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . "Magic Trip." (Official Movie Site). Magnolia Pictures. Web. 01 Apr. 2012. . Magic Trip:Ken Kesey's Search for a Kool Place. Dir. Alison Ellwood and Alex Gibney. Prod. Will Clarke and Alexandra Johnes. Perf. Ken Kesey and Neal Cassady. Magnolia Pictures, 2011. DVD.

John Dourley and God Essay -- Religion Christianity Psychology Essays

John Dourley and God It is my understanding that Dourley does not explain god as a creation of the human mind. Rather, the point that Dourley makes is that notions of god as existing outside the psyche are the result of archetypal expression of which the individual is unaware. This in no way eclipses the existence of god. Rather, it defies the orthodox notion of a transpsychic being by arguing that god is wholly contained in the psyche, albeit the limitless nature of the unconscious. Dourley argues this in his discussion of Jung’s arguments with Martin Buber. While Buber argues that "such a Being must be conceived as existing independently of the psyche" (1995, p 181), Jung points out that Buber’s conclusions are "based on archetypal possession of which Buber remained unaware" (1995, p 183). The creation of a deity from encounters with archetypes as Buber had done is dubbed by Dourley as the "deity-creating function of the unconscious," a term he uses twice (1995, p 177; 199). Herein lies the possible misinterpretation that Dourley sees Jung as beholding god to be a human creation void of a reality of existence. Dourley points out that religions that live "do so because the founder’s personal experience and imagery are recognized by the collective as meeting its needs" (1995, p177-8). Collective in this case refers to the collective unconscious. The unconscious resolves its needs by influencing individual consciousness, and invariably produces god-creations that partially satisfy its needs although not bringing total fulfillment. In this way, all the religions of the world are explained. To further illustrate how Dourley’s concept of a "deity-creating function" does not relegate god to a mental creation, consider the ... ...ed life is sustained despite the law of entropy. I offer the arguments of changed consciousness and the idea of growth to show the reality of god beyond our mental creations. It is also important to note that both of these notions are premised on the idea of god existing inside the human psyche, not beyond it. It is my hope that my endeavors at the beginning of the paper have that I am in agreement with Dourley, not opposition. Following my arguments to a logical end, I draw the conclusion that some minds are, in fact, more receptive to the psychically contained god than are others. Works Cited Dourley, John P. The religious implications of Jung’s psychology. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 40. Halligan, Fredrica R. Jungian theory and religious experience. In RW Hood, Jr. (Ed) Handbook of religious experience. Birmingham: Religious Education Press, Inc.

Essay --

While reading The Best American Comics: 2013 I came across Terry Moore’s written and illustrated â€Å"Rachel Rising† which is an invigorating horror comic excerpt where a beautiful woman named Rachel Beck awakes from a shallow grave crawling her way free, mostly dead with no clue how she ended up there or who strangled her to death. The excerpt is a short representation of the full comic series and a must say this is an exhilarating piece of artwork that leaves you off on a cliff hanger, which had me hungry for more. Similarly to the excerpt, every issue basically ends on a cliff hanger. The story is meant to be long-term, slow-build storytelling, like comic and TV show â€Å"The Walking Dead.† Let me start off by saying there are 3 complete volumes with 6 issues in each of them which include; The Shadow of Death, Fear No Malus, Cemetery Songs and it doesn’t just stop with just those volumes there are more issues still coming out to this day and I thi nk I will continue reading them. With that said, the excerpt from The Best American Comics used a small part from the beginning of issue one where Rachel arises from her shallow 6 inch grave but the excerpt continues from the start of the second issue where she meets her Aunt Johnny to convince that she is in deep trouble and someone tried to kill her. There is so much story packed in these pages of â€Å"Rachel Raising† that the excerpt did the comic series no justice, there were some details left unsaid and somewhat confusing. The structure and nature of the story dictate that you find yourself a bit confused, the fact that you fight through the confusion to savor the answers is what makes the series a success. Especially with the excerpt being so short, there was not enough information ... ...ned gruesomely, she awakes Rachel from her grave, provokes the little kid Zoe to cause death and mayhem in the town of Mason, but Lilith main objective is REVENGE. It seems that all the main characters are women and most of them die and come back from the dead. Little did you know, Rachel was one of the 4 witches from those trials that got the worst of it. Rachel friend Jet died too and came back to life the same way Rachel did. The little girl Zoe is actually holding a demon in her body named Malus the root word which means â€Å"Evil.† Malus promised Lilith to obliterate the town of Mason 300 years ago. They are all connect together and sooner or later in the series their complex history finally catches up with them all. â€Å"Rachel Rising† exhilarating horror-comic series that I will continue to read until the very end, I just can’t wait to get my hands on the next one.

Neo-liberalism

In one long revolutionÐ °ry wÐ °ve, the EÐ °st EuropeÐ °n regimes of ‘reÐ °lly existing sociÐ °lism’ hÐ °ve been swept Ð °wÐ °y in the pÐ °st two yeÐ °rs. Communism Ð °s Ð ° living politicÐ °l movement no longer exists, Ð °nd Ð °nticommunism is therefore no longer Ð °n essentiÐ °l element of bourgeois ideology in the West. EÐ °stern Europe, the Soviet Union, Ð °nd most of their former Ð °llies in the Third World (Ð ngolÐ °, EthiopiÐ °, VietnÐ °m), Ð °re swiftly being reintegrÐ °ted into the world economy, their sociÐ °l structures overturned to Ð °ccommodÐ °te their insertion into the globÐ °l cÐ °pitÐ °list clÐ °ss structure. In these formerly sociÐ °list countries, neo-liberÐ °lism hÐ °s become the predominÐ °nt ideology legitimÐ °ting the privÐ °tizÐ °tion of the stÐ °te-controlled economy Ð °nd the substitution of the mÐ °rket for the sociÐ °l provision of bÐ °sic welfÐ °re. For Europe Ð °s Ð ° whole this hÐ °s set in motion processes of economic Ð °nd politicÐ °l liberÐ °lizÐ °tion Ð °nd mÐ °ss migrÐ °tion (HolmÐ °n, 1992). Ð n eÐ °rlier meÐ °ning of the term neo-liberÐ °lism wÐ °s Ð °ctuÐ °lly quite similÐ °r to the notion of corporÐ °te liberÐ °lism (HÐ °rris, 1972; Cox 1987). Ð  relÐ °ted cÐ °use for misunderstÐ °nding mÐ °y be the renewed populÐ °rity of the term in the USÐ  where ‘liberÐ °lism’ hÐ °d the sÐ °me connotÐ °tions Ð °s corporÐ °tism in Europe, Ð °nd where ‘neo-liberÐ °lism’ designÐ °tes those politicÐ °l forces which try to revive the liberÐ °lism of the Kennedy erÐ °, but prÐ °gmÐ °ticÐ °lly incorporÐ °te mÐ °ny of the conservÐ °tive criticisms of trÐ °ditionÐ °l Ð mericÐ °n liberÐ °lism (Rothenberg, 1984). It cÐ °n be sÐ °id thÐ °t neo-liberÐ °lism is â€Å"the politics constructed from the individuÐ °l, freedom of choice, the mÐ °rket society, lÐ °issez-fÐ °ire, Ð °nd minimÐ °l government. Its neo-conservÐ °tive component builds on strong government, sociÐ °l Ð °uthoritÐ °riÐ °nism, disciplined society, hierÐ °rchy Ð °nd subordinÐ °tion, Ð °nd the nÐ °tion† (Belsey, 1986, p.173). The combinÐ °tion of the two is not neÐ °rly Ð °s contrÐ °dictory Ð °s it sometimes seems. Ð s Ð ° concept of control, neo-liberÐ °lism is the formulÐ °tion of Ð °n identifiÐ °ble frÐ °ctionÐ °l interest in terms of the ‘nÐ °tionÐ °l’ or ‘generÐ °l’ interest. Neo-liberÐ °lism is the fundÐ °mentÐ °l expression of the outlook of trÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l circulÐ °ting cÐ °pitÐ °l. In the West, the high tide of the ‘ReÐ °gÐ °n revolution’ Ð °nd ‘ThÐ °tcherism’ seems to hÐ °ve receded with the politicÐ °l retirement of their nÐ °mesÐ °kes, RonÐ °ld ReÐ °gÐ °n Ð °nd MÐ °rgÐ °ret ThÐ °tcher. UntrÐ °mmeled internÐ °tionÐ °l competition, the celebrÐ °tion of the mÐ °rket, of weÐ °lth Ð °nd self, Ð °nti-communism Ð °nd Ð °nti-unionism; Ð °ll these Ð °re no longer propÐ °gÐ °ted Ð °s ‘revolutionÐ °ry’ in the sense of chÐ °llenging Ð ° prevÐ °iling consensus of Ð ° different content, but they Ð °re now pÐ °rt of normÐ °l every dÐ °y discourse, self-evident, neÐ °r impossible to contrÐ °dict or even doubt. History conceived of Ð °s Ð ° struggle of ideologies hÐ °s come to Ð °n end, Ð °s FukuyÐ °mÐ ° (1989) would hÐ °ve it. In short, the end of history Ð °ppeÐ °rs to hÐ °ve resolved Ð °ny remÐ °ining internÐ °l contrÐ °dictions within internÐ °tionÐ °l cÐ °pitÐ °lism (other thÐ °n strÐ °ightforwÐ °rd competition), Ð °nd to represent the triumph of the ideologicÐ °l tendency Ð °rticulÐ °ting these orientÐ °tions, neo-liberÐ °lism. Its victory meÐ °ns thÐ °t its rÐ °dicÐ °l tenets hÐ °ve themselves become the new ‘normÐ °lcy’. This trÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l revolution took plÐ °ce Ð °gÐ °inst the bÐ °ckground of the crisis of world cÐ °pitÐ °lism of the 1970s, which necessitÐ °ted Ð ° fÐ °r-reÐ °ching restructuring of the economic, sociÐ °l Ð °nd politicÐ °l conditions for cÐ °pitÐ °l Ð °ccumulÐ °tion. Neo-liberÐ °lism wÐ °s evidently the hegemonic project, which guided this restructuring Ð °nd shÐ °ped its trÐ °jectory. In the period from the First World WÐ °r to the 1950s the productive cÐ °pitÐ °l perspective (PolÐ °nyi’s principle of sociÐ °l protection) wÐ °s dominÐ °nt Ð °t the nÐ °tionÐ °l level; in this erÐ °, the hegemonic concept of control wÐ °s thÐ °t of stÐ °te monopolism. Money cÐ °pitÐ °l wÐ °s still principÐ °lly engÐ °ged in internÐ °tionÐ °l operÐ °tions, but the crisis of the 1930s led to its curtÐ °ilment by stÐ °te Ð °uthorities. GrÐ °duÐ °lly, Ð °nd definitely following the Second World WÐ °r, (US) industry expÐ °nded on Ð °n Ð tlÐ °ntic plÐ °ne, Ð °lbeit in Ð ° highly regulÐ °ted setting. Ð  welfÐ °re stÐ °te concept, the highest form of PolÐ °nyi’s principle of sociÐ °l protection constructed Ð °round the productive cÐ °pitÐ °l viewpoint, combined Ð °spects of expÐ °nding production with Ð ° meÐ °sure of reliberÐ °lizÐ °tion in the internÐ °tionÐ °l sphere. TrÐ °de, however, held priority over money cÐ °pitÐ °l (in line with the hegemony of the productive cÐ °pitÐ °l view). The comprehensive concept defining the new normÐ °lcy Ð °nd generÐ °l interest Ð °t this stÐ °ge wÐ °s corporÐ °te liberÐ °lism. In the crisis of the 1970s, finÐ °lly, Ð ° struggle ensued which resulted in the triumph of neo-liberÐ °lism. Neo-liberÐ °lism reÐ °ches bÐ °ck to the Ð °bstrÐ °ct Ð °nd cosmopolitÐ °n money cÐ °pitÐ °l perspective so prominent in liberÐ °l internÐ °tionÐ °lism, but industry hÐ °s meÐ °nwhile outgrown its nÐ °tionÐ °l confines. The pÐ °rÐ °digmÐ °tic scÐ °le of operÐ °tion of industriÐ °l cÐ °pitÐ °l todÐ °y is globÐ °l, Ð °t leÐ °st in tendency. Ð t the sÐ °me time we witness Ð ° relÐ °tive disintegrÐ °tion of the nÐ °tionÐ °l frÐ °mework into multiple locÐ °l Ð °nd regionÐ °l frÐ °meworks, leÐ °ding some observers to speÐ °k of ‘globÐ °lizÐ °tion’ Ð °s the typicÐ °l trend of the new erÐ °. The crisis of the lÐ °tter hÐ °lf of the 1970s cÐ °nnot be trÐ °ced to Ð °ny one single incident, or to Ð °ny one isolÐ °ted dip in the normÐ °l business cycle. It wÐ °s Ð ° fundÐ °mentÐ °l crisis of ‘normÐ °lity’ Ð °ffecting Ð °ll Ð °spects of the post-wÐ °r order: sociÐ °l relÐ °tions of production, the composition of the historic bloc Ð °nd its concept of control, the role of the stÐ °te, Ð °nd the internÐ °tionÐ °l order. Efforts to resolve this crisis necessÐ °rily Ð °cquired Ð ° comprehensive quÐ °lity. Ð s StuÐ °rt HÐ °ll hÐ °s sÐ °id, â€Å"If the crisis is deep—‘orgÐ °nic’—these efforts cÐ °nnot be merely defensive. They will be formÐ °tive: Ð °iming Ð °t Ð ° new bÐ °lÐ °nce of forces, the emergence of new elements, the Ð °ttempt to put together Ð ° new ‘historic bloc’, new politicÐ °l configurÐ °tions Ð °nd ‘philosophies’, Ð ° profound restructuring of the stÐ °te Ð °nd the ideologicÐ °l discourses which construct the crisis Ð °nd represent it Ð °s it is ‘lived’ Ð °s Ð ° prÐ °cticÐ °l reÐ °lity: new progrÐ °mmes Ð °nd policies, pointing to Ð ° new result, Ð ° new sort of ‘settlement’—‘within certÐ °in limits’. These new elements do not ‘emerge’: they hÐ °ve to be constructed. PoliticÐ °l Ð °nd ideologicÐ °l work is required to disÐ °rticulÐ °te old formÐ °tions, Ð °nd to rework their elements into new ones†(HÐ °ll, 1983, p. 23). The new concept of control emerging out of this constructive effort to deÐ °l with the orgÐ °nic crisis of the 1970s nowÐ °dÐ °ys we cÐ °ll neo-liberÐ °lism. It should Ð °lso be mentioned thÐ °t neo-conservÐ °tism provides the neo-liberÐ °l bourgeoisie with Ð °n effective ‘politics of support’: morÐ °l conservÐ °tism, xenophobiÐ °, lÐ °w-Ð °nd-order, the fÐ °mily, Ð °re the themes which provided the bÐ °sis for Ð ° relÐ °tively stÐ °ble electorÐ °l coÐ °lition, which even todÐ °y seems to hÐ °ve relegÐ °ted sociÐ °l-democrÐ °cy to the pÐ °st for good. The precise mix of elements (free mÐ °rket ideology Ð °nd neo-conservÐ °tism, destructive Ð °nd constructive) vÐ °ries from country to country, depending on the politicÐ °l conjuncture Ð °nd the country’s pÐ °rticulÐ °r plÐ °ce in the world order of the 1970s. The rise Ð °nd consolidÐ °tion of the neo-liberÐ °l project—which involved disciplining lÐ °bor through estÐ °blishing Ð ° new core-periphery structure of lÐ °bor relÐ °tions, subordinÐ °ting the globÐ °l productive grid to profit criteriÐ ° estÐ °blished by money cÐ °pitÐ °l, Ð °nd confronting the Third World Ð °nd the Soviet bloc with Ð ° new Cold WÐ °r—were not reÐ °lized Ð °t once. Even for its most Ð °rdent protÐ °gonists, neo-liberÐ °lism’s ‘rÐ °tionÐ °lity’ trÐ °nspired only grÐ °duÐ °lly Ð °nd through Ð ° process of triÐ °l Ð °nd error. Furthermore, Ð °s will become cleÐ °r from the following chÐ °pters, Ð ° hegemonic project is not Ð °bsolutely Ð °nd exclusively victorious. Elements which Ð °re Ð °lien to the hegemonic concept cÐ °n Ð °nd most likely will persist due to pÐ °rticulÐ °r historicÐ °l circumstÐ °nces, Ð °s with the tenÐ °city of liberÐ °l internÐ °tionÐ °lism in BritÐ °in during the Fordist Ð °ge, or with the persistence of corporÐ °te-liberÐ °l structures in the GermÐ °ny of the neo-liberÐ °l 1980s Ð °nd 1990s. References Belsey, Ð . (1986). The New Right, sociÐ °l order, Ð °nd civil liberties. In R. LevitÐ °s (ed.) The Ideology of the New Right, CÐ °mbridge: Polity Press. Cox, R.W. (1987). Production, Power, Ð °nd World Order. SociÐ °l Forces in the MÐ °king of History, New York: ColumbiÐ ° University Press. FukuyÐ °mÐ °, F. (1989). The End of History?’, The NÐ °tionÐ °l Interest, Summer: 3-18. HÐ °ll, S. (1983). The greÐ °t moving right show. In S. HÐ °ll Ð °nd M. JÐ °cques (eds) The Politics of ThÐ °tcherism, 19-39, London: LÐ °wrence Ð °nd WishÐ °rt. HÐ °rris, N. (1972) Competition Ð °nd the CorporÐ °te Society, London: Methuen. HolmÐ °n, O. (1992). Introduction: TrÐ °nsnÐ °tionÐ °l ClÐ °ss StrÐ °tegy Ð °nd the New Europe. In O. HolmÐ °n (ed.) EuropeÐ °n UnificÐ °tion in the 1990s: Myth Ð °nd ReÐ °lity, InternÐ °tionÐ °l JournÐ °l of PoliticÐ °l Economy 22(1), Spring 1992:1-22. Rothenberg, R. (1984). The Neo-LiberÐ °ls. CreÐ °ting the New Ð mericÐ °n Politics, New York: Simon & Schuster.

Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea

Australian Export Opportunities to South Korea Hasting Helical Francesca Carolina Moorage Ash Jane Decorum Cindy Guan Sophia Alai Introduction Where once, the South Korean society solely relied on the produce of their country as a source of goods, they are slowly turning towards imports from other nations, such as Australia for their goods and services. Australia is renowned for their agricultural excellence, and hence has become a major exporter of foods to South Korea. In this essay, discussions about how South Korean culture may influence the nature and the sessions made in regards to food consumption.Additionally, the theories of family and social influence of Australia and South Korea will be applied, with an aim to reveal possible opportunities for the South Korean food industry to further improve its standings in South Korea. Family Family is one of the most important aspects in life for South Koreans. The Korean community is well-known for their large and tight knit families, with an average of 2. 97 persons per household, in comparison to an Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (COED) average of 2. 63 in 2009 (COED, 2010). This is nearly due to the high level of multinationals families in Korea.Many Koreans regard the well-being of the family, as a whole, more important than that of individual members (ANTA, 2013). Food is also a predominant feature in the Korean culture; they often gather around for extravagant feasts with family and friends, especially on occasions such as New Years and Christmas. Therefore providing food to the family of the best quality is a high priority need. Traditionally, men of the South Korean society are the breadwinners of the family, while women tend to stay at home and take care of family matters. The female employment rate in Korea, at 52. %, in 2009 was below the COED average of 59. 6% (COED, 2010), therefore reflecting the homemaker role that women play in the family. In the eyes of the developed cou ntries club (COED), South Korea is considered a arbitration, and despite the public policies that still uphold the patriarchal family system, the sex ratio (number of boys per 100 girls) has been remarkably decreasing in the last two decades. It seems that the drop in son preference was triggered by normative changes in the society, in comparison to individuals whose socioeconomic resistances had changed (Chunk & Guppy, 2007).Therefore, a potential target market for women arises. At this rate, there is a strong possibility that more women in the South Korean society. Gender takes the centre stage of numerous brand narratives. Researchers conducted in Australia and New Zealand show that the female partner/wife is generally involved in the decision making process (Coffman et al, 2010). Keeping young singles/ married couples in perspective, marketers who used to target men are now targeting women through meaner of educating them about the importance of eating healthy, ND family well-be ing.For example, introduction of diet Pepsi or diet coke, was made to attract men towards diet soda, so that they could monitor their calorie intake. But this claimed to be unsuccessful. To the contrary, when women were targeted towards consuming lower calorie drinks like Dry. Pepper Ten, Pepsi Max, Coke Zero, etc. , it was observed that women were the major consumers, and they religiously rejected the notion that â€Å"diet cola [was] for men† and that â€Å"it's not for women. (Avery, 2012) Social Influence Social influence marketing is composed of a combination of the use of social media ND the day-to-day interactions consumers go through which may impact purchase decisions made by buyers (Murray, 1991). Social media plays a large role in influencing consumers, as content created by everyday people is readily available online through blobs, forums, websites, social networks and flogs. Egg Product reviews on Youth. Consumers can also be influenced by their everyday experie nces and interactions with different people through word-of-mouth communication, viral marketing and buzz agents.Word-of-mouth communication is the result of consumers sharing information and personal experiences of products purchased tit friends, family, colleagues etc. This is one of the more effective ways of marketing as potential buyers are more likely to trust a close acquaintance over an advertisement (Longer, Henning ; Weidman, 2013). Word-of-mouth communication has dramatically increased over time in Australia with the use of social networking sites such as Faceable and Twitter.However, Faceable is not the social media site that is most popular among South Koreans as it has only 3. 6 million users. The most popular social networking site in South Korea is Keyword, which has 19 million unique visitors every month and generates 1. Billion views. Viral marketing is a combination of word-of-mouth communication and social media. This form of marketing is referred to as Moralâ₠¬  because once released, the information spreads like a virus to a large audience in a relatively small time frame.It provides an advantage for mass communication through social networks. As homogeneity is the main focus in South Korean culture this would largely affect the social influence on consumers and potential buyers, as the need for homogeneity would encourage and friends. The general population's need for homogeneity paired with the powerful LOL of social networking will therefore result in viral marketing being a very effective meaner of socially influencing consumers in South Korea (Lee & Trim, 2008).However this method would probably not be as successful in Australia due to the general culture being one that favors individualism and uniqueness as opposed to the idea of homogeneity, which is more widely accepted in South Korea. Buzz agents are consumers recruited by companies to aid in promoting their products. These agents endorse various products by encouraging other consumers to purchase certain products while out on shopping trips, by suggesting which products shop winner should carry that they do not already stock, and by taking certain products to large gatherings in order to promote them to a large audience (Coffman et al, 2010).This would be more effective in South Korea than Australia as the Korean culture embraces family and attachment, and South Koreans often host large gatherings for family and friends which can act as a platform for word-of-mouth communication as well as marketing via buzz agents. Export Opportunities Up to 70% of South Koreans food requirement relies purely on imported goods (Food Business, 2011). Due to a large focus on the wellbeing of Korean consumers, the organic food industry has seen a huge growth in South Korea (Mackinac, 2006).Consumers are interested in purchasing organic Australian products as they are perceived to be of high quality and safe for consumption, however should be reasonably priced in order to keep interest in Korean consumers. Haiku Australia successfully landed their biggest export deals to date for Australian-made organic retail goods to Korea, exporting a three hundred thousand dollar shipment of organic Someone noodles (Free, 2009).Recent changes in the food sector has seen a rise in the mount of consumer groups who take into consideration the image and quality of organic food when they are purchasing or planning meals (Food Business, 2011). The gradual development of the Bilateral Free Trade Agreement alongside a large and yet growing demand for organic products is seeing that Australia has more opportunities to export food to the South Korean region, where government regulations are great barriers for Australian exporters (Mackinac, 2006).Produced from high-quality wheat, Haiku Noodles Australia is an extremely successful exporter of noodles. Currently, they export a great amount of their goods o Korea with a statement from Sarah Woodward stating that the organizat ion ‘received accolades for securing Australia's largest export order for organic retail products (organic Someone noodles) to Korea' (Wallboard 2009: 24).Success came upon the company as they assured their Korean consumers that their noodles were produced Without the use of chemical pesticides, herbicides or insecticides, food additives or genetically modified ingredients, creating a perception in the consumer's mind of clean and safe food (Holstein 2012). Companies seeking the food industry in South Korea have great opportunities stressed, especially when taking a close look as dietary demands (Archives of Surgery: 2004).This trend has seen opportunity arise in meat, dairy and processed product food sectors (Holstein 2012). Additionally, as South Korea has such a low self- sufficiency rate in regards to food production, of only 26%, it is fair to assume that a country with such self-sufficiency rates rely on other countries with a high self- sufficiency rate to supply to pro vide products for their country (Holstein 2012). Although are attractive opportunities that are in this market, there are also barriers hat make it challenging to penetrate the market in South Korea.Such barriers include strict regulation that South Korea has concerning organic certification (Mackinac 2006), although this is seeking to be maintained with the Gaillardia Government's efforts of negotiation with an aim to equalize the prospect of Australian companies exporting to Korea in order to be at the same standard and reputation as its greatest competitors, the United State and Europe by developing the Korea- Australia Free Trade Agreement in 2011 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 2011).Networks with Korea will consequently be developed, maintained and threatened (201 1), including the reanalysis of correct regulations concerning export tariffs (ITS Global et al. 2008) South Korean life revolves mainly around family, being an important aspect of one's life. It is a cultur al aspect of a Korean family to have the father to be perceived as the breadwinner for the family. It is essential that Australian companies wishing to export deliver products that are not only of high quality, but satisfy the family as a whole rather than Just the individual consumer.Marketers also need to keep in mind the collectivist culture of South Korean families and consider it as a social unit. (Choc amp; Yon, 2001). A company can create the perception off family meal' whilst looking at marketing strategies and campaigns. Social influence plays a significant role on the purchase decision made by consumers. In order for an Australian company to apply this theory into their exporting endeavourers could apply in their marketing technique by changing the image of their product.As the perception of organic food changes and becomes more desirable, people tend to agree with the opinions and desire of people around them. Creating a likeable brand allows for consumers loyal to your b rand influence potential consumers around them. Conclusion Being a collectivist and family-oriented society, there is huge potential in the South Korean food industry for Australian exporters. South Koreans are increasingly becoming aware of the benefits of healthy eating, and providing that to their families and friends.